The Polish Police Central Bureau of Investigation (Centralne Biuro Śledcze Policji – CBŚP) and the Counter Narcotics Department of the National Police of Ukraine carried out a large-scale operation to dismantle the sites of synthetic opioid production.

Europol supported this operation, which resulted in the dismantling of the largest synthetic opioid laboratory known to date in Poland. During raids conducted in both countries, 7 members of the criminal network responsible for drug production in Poland and Ukraine were arrested. In addition to dismantling several laboratories and seizing large quantities of chemicals and drug precursors, police officers successfully seized 195 kilos of crystal methadone.

The results of the action day include:

• Arrest of 7 members of the criminal network.
• Dismantling of the largest synthetic opioid laboratory ever found in Poland, used to produce crystal methadone.
• Dismantling of 8 multi-laboratories in Poland and Ukraine, used for the production of synthetic cathinones (mephedrone, Alpha-PVP) and methadone.
• Seizure of 195 kilos of crystal methadone.
• Seizure of 153 kilograms of Alfa-PVP.
• Seizure of more than 430 litres of mixtures of different types of drugs prepared for the final production phase.
• Seizure of large quantities of drug precursors and chemical substances necessary for the production of opioids.

Methadone, a synthetic opioid, is a substance used in the medical field as an analgesic and in the treatment of opioid addiction. However, the substance produced by the criminal network was in a concentrated crystalline form, which is only found on the illegal drug market.

Law enforcement agencies also confiscated substances such as mephedrone and Alpha-PVP, which belong to the group of synthetic cathinones and represent a growing problem in several EU member states. These drugs cause serious psychological and neurological disorders, and their abuse is linked to a high risk of addiction, organ damage, and death.

To obtain more information about the reality of the European illicit markets, it is necessary to consult the EU Drug Markets Report of Europol and the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA).

This operational success, which involved Polish and Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, highlights the effectiveness of cross-border collaboration, which is crucial for protecting the lives and health of citizens from the dangers posed by international crime.

Europol supports its partners in the fight against the production, trafficking, and distribution of synthetic drugs. In 2023, Europol sent an Early Warning Notification to its Member States and partners, warning them of an increase in trafficking of this type of drug. During the investigation phase of the operation, Europol provided information for cross-verification and analysis to support investigators working in the field.

Europol maintains the European Illegal Laboratory Comparison System (EILCS), which contains details of equipment and chemicals used in laboratories, storage sites, and dumping sites for synthetic drugs. This information allows Europol analysts to compare the new incoming information with previous cases. This allows them to find links between illegal sites and help EU member states suppress production facilities across Europe.

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An operation led by the Romanian Police (Poliția Română) together with the Romanian Border Police (Frontieră Police), and the support of Europol and the Bulgarian General Directorate for Combating Organised Crime (Главна Дирекция Борба с органитатъ) has resulted in the dismantling of an organised crime network involved in migrant smuggling. The suspects were smuggling migrants from Bulgaria to Romania and then across Western Europe. The investigation was also supported by other countries such as Austria, Germany, and Hungary.

Results of the operation:

• Nine locations found (2 in Arad, 3 in Bucharest, 1 in Oradea and 3 in Timișoara).
• Eight arrests (Romanian and Syrian nationals).
• Thirty-two migrants found in one of the registered houses (9 Iraqis and 21 Syrians, as well as 2 others of unknown nationality).
• The interceptions included documents, electronic equipment, and cash.

Investigations revealed that the criminal network, mainly made up of Syrian and Romanian nationals, operated from Bucharest and used Timişoara as a hub for housing and as a place to facilitate the transportation of migrants to Western Europe. The suspects recruited migrants from the Middle East, mainly Syria, who wanted to reach Western European countries, especially Germany.

The leader of the criminal network, a Syrian national who had lived in Romania for three years, had strong links to other key organisers based in Istanbul, Turkey. He acted as a regional coordinator of migrant smuggling activities along that stretch of the route. He allegedly recruited Romanian nationals, who normally worked as private taxi drivers, to transport the migrants. Between February and May alone, Romanian authorities detected five smuggling incidents involving a total of 70 irregular migrants. The individuals were transported in trucks, hidden among goods. Each migrant paid between €5,000 and €10,000 for the full smuggling services to their final destination.

Europol facilitated the exchange of information and provided operational coordination and analytical support. On the day of the police action, Europol sent an analyst to Romania to cross-check operational information against Europol’s databases and to provide leads to investigators on the ground. Europol also facilitated the deployment of investigators from Bulgaria to support Romanian officers involved in the operational actions on the ground.

The European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats (EMPACT) addresses the major threats posed by serious and organised international crime affecting the EU. EMPACT strengthens intelligence, strategic and operational cooperation between national authorities, Union institutions and bodies, and international partners. EMPACT is carried out in four-year cycles focusing on the EU’s common crime priorities.

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According to the FBI and reports from The Conversation, Americans aged 60 and older lost more than $3 billion to fraudsters during 2023.

But the consequences can be worse than just losing money. The experience is traumatic for many, with some victims feeling deep shame and self-doubt after the scam. This can interfere with their relationships, erode their trust in others, and damage their mental and physical health.

Teaching older Americans how to identify and avoid fraud, and how to report these crimes, could help mitigate the impact of this modern epidemic.

A recent FBI report shows the prevalence of elder fraud. In 2023, Americans over the age of 60 filed 14% more complaints with the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center, or IC3, than in the previous year. Estimated financial losses increased by approximately 11% during the same period.

These numbers, although serious, represent only the tip of the iceberg. For one thing, only about half of the Internet crime reports to the FBI included information about the victim’s age, meaning that reported incidents of elder fraud are a lower count.

Furthermore, these figures do not include the many scams that occur over the phone, by mail or in person. And many fraud victims never report their experiences, often because they are ashamed, afraid or don’t know what to do.

While people of all ages fall victim to fraudsters, the elderly may be especially vulnerable.

The FBI has suggested that older people are often targeted because they tend to be more trusting and polite. They often have financial savings, own homes and good credit, which makes them more appealing to scammers.

Older adults may also feel less comfortable with new technologies, putting them at risk. Just think, someone who is 85 years old may have retired in 2004, three years before Apple introduced the iPhone. While many forms of technology have permeated our personal lives, it is often in the workplace where many people receive mandatory training, such as how to avoid online scams.

In 2023, tech support scams were the most commonly reported type of senior fraud. Other common schemes include romance scams, online shopping scams and investment frauds. Although technology scams are the most common, investment scams are the costliest, accounting for nearly half of all reported losses of those over 60 last year.

Fraudulent call centres are also known to target senior citizens. These scams accounted for 40% of reported elder fraud cases in 2023, according to the FBI, and accounted for at least $770 million in losses. Many use new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to trick people more effectively with voice or video cloning scams.

Call-centre scammers tell all kinds of stories. In 2022, more than 600 people reported being victims of a single timeshare-related fraud. Collectively, they lost close to $40 million. And in the second half of 2023, fraudsters posing as government officials and technology support agents enticed victims to liquidate their assets or buy precious metals, with losses reaching in excess of $55 million.

As with any epidemic, infection control tools can help us limit the spread. Just as vaccines build immunity against viruses, prevention efforts can help people build their defences to avoid fraud. The main tool to prevent fraud is to learn how to identify potential scams in advance.

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Identity theft and identity fraud refer to crimes in which someone obtains and misuses another person’s personal identification information in a way that involves fraud or deception, usually for financial gain.

Identity theft can cause much more damage than just the loss of money. After identity theft, victims may have trouble obtaining employment or housing because of the negative financial consequences of identity theft. Victims of identity theft can also suffer significant emotional and physical stress due to the consequences of this crime.

A report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the United States indicates that some 23 million residents aged 16 or older reported being victims of identity theft during 2018. For 90% of these victims, the crime involved the misuse or attempted misuse of at least one type of existing account, such as a credit card or bank account. Victims reported more than $15 billion in financial losses from identity theft during that year.

However, since many such crimes are never reported to law enforcement, the full extent of identity theft can be difficult to measure. Only 7% of identity theft victims in 2018 reported the crime to the police. In contrast, most victims (88%) contacted a credit card company or bank about the crime. Most victims said they did not report the crime to the police because they dealt with it in other ways, most often by contacting their financial institution.

The elderly are especially vulnerable to identity theft crimes. In the fiscal year 2019, identity theft, fraud, and financial crimes were the second most common type of victimisation reported by elderly victims.

With the support of the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), the Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC) offers free identity crime counselling and victim assistance. The ITRC offers tips and strategies to prevent personal and business identity theft and provides direct identity crime counselling and victim assistance at no cost. In 2022, OVC awarded $2 million to the ITRC to improve and expand its operations, enabling it to respond to new threats and challenges for victims of identity theft and cybercrime.

OVC’s Identity Theft and Fraud Research Report provides an overview of the current state of identity theft based on research and practical experience. Its objective is to help victim service providers identify areas for improvement in addressing identity fraud and other forms of victimisation.

In addition, OVC offers a free, self-paced online training program to help service providers serve victims of identity theft and assist with their financial and emotional recovery.

For victim service providers, understanding the different needs of identity theft victims is an important step in improving responses. Developed with the support of OVC, the 2020 NITVAN Identity Theft Coalition Building Toolkit helps victim service providers and others to address the rights and needs of identity theft victims.

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Retailers have seen the number of incidents of racial abuse, sexual harassment, physical assaults and threats with weapons increase by more than 50% in the past year, while robberies more than doubled to 16.7 million incidents, according to the British Retail Consortium (BRC), the business entity representing most of the major retailers.

The BRC believes that criminals have carte blanche to act. Otherwise, it would not explain the fact that losses were quantified in 2022 at 1 billion pounds and that this figure doubled in 2023 to 2 billion, although retailers are investing large amounts of money in the prevention of crime, violence and abuse against workers in these businesses.

The rise in retail crime has coincided with a period of rampant price inflation, with the cost of everyday goods, from eggs to baby milk, rising over the past two years at a rate not seen since records began in the 1970s.

Some experts argue that efforts to reduce labour costs through the use of technologies such as automated payments have contributed to the problems, while small businesses blame an increase in organised crime and poor police resources.

The number of thefts has quadrupled from pre-pandemic levels. Violence and abuse, which fell after a slight spike during the 2020 confinements, have risen again and are now three times higher than before COVID-19.

The latest figures come after nearly 90 retail leaders, including the bosses of Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Boots and WH Smith, wrote to the government in October demanding action against the rise in retail crime, as they said violent criminals were literally emptying stores.

Retailers want the government to introduce a stand-alone offence of assaulting, threatening or mistreating a retail worker, arguing that this would allow police to understand the scale of the problem and send a message that these crimes are being taken seriously.

Under a similar law introduced in Scotland in 2021, retail offences now carry harsher sentences and require the police to record all incidents of retail crime and allow for the allocation of more resources.

The Co-op, which has more than 2,000 stores across the UK, planned to install 200 secure kiosks, locked liquor bottle cabinets and AI technology to control automated payments in its supermarkets, following a 44% increase in retail crime last year. It has also doubled the amount of money it spends on security guards.

Paul Gerrard, of the Co-op, said that most of the perpetrators of the thefts were people stealing to sell goods in large volumes and could also involve the use of threats or abuse.

However, there have been green shoots in recent months as a result of the government’s retail crime action plan published in October, which includes a police commitment to prioritise assistance to reports of theft involving violence against a store worker or where private security is in place.

The plan also includes the more controversial Project Pegasus, in which ten of the country’s largest retailers, including Marks & Spencer, Boots and Primark, are handing over CCTV footage to police to run through databases using facial recognition technology in an effort to identify prolific or potentially dangerous individuals.

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Law enforcement agencies from 27 European Union member states and 23 non-EU countries joined forces to share expertise in combating illegal drug trafficking at Europol’s 7th Annual European Drug Conference.

This edition, which took place last December at Europol headquarters in The Hague, marked an important milestone in the collective efforts to address the multiple challenges posed by illicit drug trafficking. The conference brought together senior officials, experts and representatives from various law enforcement agencies, forming a unified front against this growing threat.

Topics discussed at the conference included the development of EU drug policy, emerging routes, logistics hubs such as port infrastructure, operational trends and threats, as well as international case studies.

Illegal drug trafficking has far-reaching consequences, transcending borders and affecting countries both inside and outside the EU, and globally. In particular, the growing increase in violence associated with drug trafficking poses a direct threat to the safety and well-being of citizens. Criminal organisations involved in these illicit activities often resort to extreme measures, leading to an alarming increase in violence, which undermines the very fabric of our economies and societies.

Organised crime continually adapts to avoid detection, especially in the movement of illegal shipments such as drugs and counterfeit goods. A recent collaborative report by Europol and key European ports (Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg/Bremerhaven) revealed the methods used by criminal networks to circumvent security in EU ports. The report highlights corruption as a key facilitator for traffickers of illegal goods and calls for collaborative efforts between port authorities and law enforcement to combat these criminal activities in ports.

In addition, a recent Europol analysis revealed trends in illegal drug markets in Europe. The landscape of Europe’s role in international drug production and trade is changing, with increased activities in the cocaine and methamphetamine markets. Cooperation among criminal groups worldwide presents new threats to security and market expansion. The report touched upon the supply chain, warning of innovation in production processes and new hazardous products. There was also an increase in production and trafficking with Latin America.

The Europol report focuses on three particular types of substances:

Cocaine: the European cocaine market is expanding and has reached an all-time high in availability, with indications of a changing role in the international cocaine trade. The estimated value of the EU retail market in 2020 was at least €10.5 billion. High-risk criminal networks dominate trafficking and generate billions in profits. Since 2017, there has been an increase in cocaine seizures in Europe.

A record 303 tons of cocaine was seized by EU member states in 2021. Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain are still the countries with the highest volumes of seizures, reflecting the importance of these countries as entry points for cocaine trafficking into Europe.

Cannabis: the cannabis market, estimated at €11.4 billion annually, is the largest drug market in Europe. Seizures in 2021 reached a peak, with a shift towards more powerful and diverse products.

Amphetamine: the European amphetamine market is stabilising at 1.1 billion euros per year. Europe, along with the Middle East, is a major global producer and consumer of amphetamine. Criminal networks in the amphetamine trade target businesses and cooperatives, misuse legal structures and resort to violence and corruption. Key actions are suggested at EU and Member State level to address these threats, such as improving strategic intelligence, reducing supply, enhancing security, promoting international cooperation, investing in capacity-building and strengthening political and security responses.

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The French National police, together with other European police, coordinated by Europol and INTERPOL, dismantled a criminal network—made up of 13 very active members—specialised in the theft of luxury vehicles and their transportation from European ports to West Africa by means of cargo containers.

This collaborative police effort led to the identification of a large, mobile and flexible criminal structure, which was mainly composed of French, Gambian and Senegalese nationals.

To acquire the latest car models, a number of coordinators used groups of car thieves situated throughout France. The criminal network also recruited minors to drive the valuable stolen vehicles to different European ports. From there, the cars were hidden in cargo containers and shipped to West Africa. In total, law enforcement detected over 170 vehicles moved through this method from ports in Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Spain.

This extensive, well-organised law enforcement operation was conducted simultaneously in various places throughout France. More than 110 French police officers, including tactical and canine units, arrested 13 members of the criminal network.

With the support of Europol and INTERPOL analysts, and in coordination with international police forces, law enforcement officers arrested the two main coordinators of the network in France, as well as logistics managers and car thieves. The deployed agents searched several houses and seized tools and material used for car theft, such as illicit on-board diagnostic (OBD) software, vehicle documents and cash. Immediate interception at the ports of Le Havre, France, and Las Palmas, Spain, occurred thanks to real-time analysis of several seized mobile phones, which led to the identification of two containers transporting nine stolen cars.

Europol took part in two operational meetings, providing analytical insights regarding the primary suspects in the inquiry and sharing details about connections with other cases. Europol analysts conducted multiple cross-checks and a staff member with a mobile office was sent to France to support the action day.

The international law enforcement operation was conducted within the framework of EMPACT. This allowed the participating police authorities to exchange concrete information regularly during multiple operational meetings and to coordinate action, resulting in the dismantling of this highly active criminal network.

Organised property crime is one of EMPACT’s priorities, and Europol’s operational activities in this area are conducted within the Analysis Project Furtum. Its broad mandate covers all aspects of property crime, such as large burglaries, armed robbery (banks, jewellery, money carriers and warehouses), motor vehicle crime, metal theft or organised petty theft.

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Ten of the UK’s leading retail centres have provided £600,000 in funding for Project Pegasus, aimed at developing technology to scan the faces of the alleged perpetrators of the wave of looting that they continuously practice in retail stores.

In this context, police chiefs have been increasingly criticised for the apparent lack of action to deal with the so-called looting epidemic sweeping retail distribution. The chairman of the trade association Asda believed that this type of robbery had been decriminalised and now they were suffering the consequences.

Retail giants such as John Lewis, Co-op, Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Waitrose and Next had taken steps to find some temporary solution; even Co-op resorted to hiring undercover security guards to protect stores and workers, while Tesco installed body cameras on store staff to help stop those assaulting workers. Other shopkeepers had even considered going out of business, as they counted more losses in theft than profits through retail sales.

What did become widespread was the display of items under lock and key. It started with products such as wines and spirits before extending to other items such as meat, cheeses, razor blades and jars of honey. Above all, the aim is to deal with what are considered to be thefts by organised crime networks that then resell the products.

According to the National Statistics Office, this year the number of shoplifting offences nationwide increased by a 25%. In the last twelve months up to March, police counted 339,206 cases of theft, despite the British Retail Consortium’s estimate of eight million offences, which would have cost retailers nearly £1 billion a year.

Of all these recorded thefts, the police only investigated 48,218 incidents of shoplifting reported to them. This figure would only constitute 14% of the total, while 183,450 investigations, or 54% of the total, were closed without identifying any suspects, thus fuelling claims from the shopkeeping industry that law enforcement was not taking these crimes seriously enough.

From now on, the police will be able to publish CCTV images of suspected offenders through national databases, which include the latest technology in the field of facial recognition.

Since Project Pegasus was launched, it has been felt that police chiefs will have more tools with which to take action and will be able to build up a national picture of where the gangs that commit these robberies operate and the stores they target.

In this regard, Sussex Police and Crime Commissioner Katy Bourne, who is also a national leader in commercial crime, believes that they will soon curb the phenomenon, considering that 20% of offenders account for more than 80% of crimes committed.

However, one retail industry leader claimed that, across the UK, the number of crimes, thefts and anti-social behaviour had soared by 35% year-on-year, with more than 175,000 incidents recorded in the first six months of 2023. Given these data, stopping this phenomenon immediately is considered difficult.

Just in case, some shopkeepers continue to sharpen their wits to avoid further losses, and have thus popularised the technique of fake packaging, where they display boxes of products that are actually empty.

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Law enforcement agencies from five European countries have neutralised an intercontinental criminal network that smuggled migrants travelling from Cuba to the European Union. The investigation, which was coordinated by Europol and Interpol, led to the arrest of 62 people, 25 of whom were Cuban.

Members of the migrant smuggling ring used a popular messaging application to advertise their illicit services to vulnerable Cuban clients. For a payment of approximately 9,000 euros, they would arrange travel and transfers and provide false documentation. Taking advantage of the fact that no visa was required in order to enter Serbia at the time, criminals flew migrants from Cuba to Serbia.

The migrants were smuggled to Greece, from where they were flown to Spain. It is thought that, in total, the criminal network successfully introduced around 5,000 Cuban nationals into the Union, creating a profit of around €45 million.

The investigation revealed the existence of a complex criminal infrastructure established in many cities in Spain, Greece and Serbia, which was flexible and able to adapt to changing circumstances in order to maintain its illicit business. On the June 2023 police action day, police officers from the three countries seized a number of criminal assets, including hundreds of forged documents and equipment for further forgery. In total, 18 real estate properties, 33 vehicles and 144 bank accounts were seized, along with large sums of cash in various currencies.

The investigation was launched in October 2021 after Serbian, Greek, North Macedonian and Finnish authorities reported greater numbers of Cuban nationals attempting to get into Europe with forged documentation. In January 2023 Europol, the European Union Agency for Asylum and Frontex issued a joint Intelligence Notification describing this trend. The notification, described as Cuban nationals smuggled into the EU: shifting routes and modi operandi in a changed geo-political landscape, reported on the impact that the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine has had on migrant smuggling routes.

Originally, Cubans used to fly commercially to Russia from Cuba. There, smugglers offered them the opportunity to irregularly cross the Russian-Finnish border to enter EU territory, or to fly to Serbia to continue their journey to Central or Southern Europe via the Western Balkan region.

Since the start of the war sparked by Russia, the route was changed. Cuban nationals were transferred to Serbia through Frankfurt airport in Germany. Upon arrival of the Cubans in Serbia, members of the criminal network facilitated their irregular entry into North Macedonia and Greece via land. Using different routes, smugglers led large groups of migrants and made them walk in the dark without supplies for hours. In addition to these harsh conditions, criminals preyed on the most vulnerable migrants, including minors, and subjected them to scams, robbery and extortion. Women were sometimes transferred to other criminal groups for sexual exploitation.

Upon arrival in Greece, the migrants applied for asylum or used other methods of transport to other EU countries organised by the criminals, such as flights to Spain or maritime transport to Italy. To travel within the EU, the criminal network provided victims with falsified documents or used the so-called ‘look-alike method’, in which genuine travel documents were stolen and distributed to a migrant who closely resembled the real passport holder.

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A two-part investigation conducted in multiple EU Member States has revealed a criminal network that operates by reintroducing expired food into the supply chain. Altogether, 27 criminals accountable for this relatively new criminal practice, endangering the health and safety of European consumers, have been arrested by law enforcement officials.

Taking advantage of supply chain vulnerabilities initially induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, criminals began acquiring immense quantities of expired food and beverages. They would then chemically erase the expiration date printed on the individual items and make new ones. In other cases, a completely new label was made up and applied, giving the impression that the packaged food or beverage was still fresh and safe for consumption. Repackaged food and beverages may not only be unpleasant, but even dangerous for human consumption, and may pose a serious risk to public health.

This specific modus operandi was discovered and subsequently further investigated within the framework of OPSON, a large-scale investigation of the food industry, coordinated by Europol. Subsequent investigations conducted by the Member States and coordinated by Europol resulted in two specific operations:

• On 23 May 2023, Lithuanian police (Lietuvos policija) and law enforcement agencies from other Member States, coordinated by Europol and Eurojust, successfully dismantled an organised crime group responsible for reintroducing millions of expired food products with counterfeit labels into the market. The criminals, who are under investigation for large-scale VAT fraud, are believed to have made profits of at least EUR 1 million from their food packaging scam. The agents, who carried out 70 searches and inspections of warehouses, among other locations, seized material for altering the expiration dates of the products. This equipment included household solvents, printers and labels. In total, over a million food and beverage containers were intercepted and prevented from entering the market.
• An action day on 11 July 2023 led to the arrest of three other people. Europol coordinated the action day carried out in Italy by the Italian Carabinieri (Nucleo Anticontraffazione e Sanità dell’Arma dei Carabinieri), with the support of the Italian financial police (Guardia di Finanza). Law enforcement conducted 14 searches and seized over 500,000 food and beverages items, as well as equipment used by the criminals. Many of the seized foods were not only out of date, but had already spoiled, highlighting the harm that could have been done to consumers.

The criminal network gathered expired food and beverages at minimal or no expense and replaced the expiry dates with new ones, facilitating their resale.

By reintroducing these items into the supply chain, massive profits were made at the expense of innocent consumers. The scale and spread of this phenomenon are new, reaching across multiple EU Member States. However, there is no involvement of food producers, as intermediate suppliers or other entities working in food disposal are used as facilitators in this particular criminal activity.

Europol recognised the phenomenon as a major emerging threat during the COVID-19 pandemic and informed EU Member States by distributing operational plans. Europol specialists discovered an important link connecting the Lithuanian and Italian investigations, revealing the extensive scope of the trend. Europol agents were deployed during the action days to provide on-site support with mobile offices and forensic analysis.

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