Europol has just published the 10th edition of Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment (IOCTA), a report that turns into an in-depth analysis of the main developments, changes, and emerging threats in the cybercrime field over the past year.

The document highlights the relevant trends in criminal areas such as cyberattacks, online child sexual exploitation, and online fraud and payment system crimes. It also provides an outlook on what can be anticipated in the immediate future, particularly in terms of new technologies, payment systems, artificial intelligence, cryptocurrencies, and illegal online content.
Recent police operations have caused ransomware groups to split up and rebrand under different disguises. Furthermore, the continuous elimination of forums and marketplaces on the dark web has shortened the life cycle of criminal spaces. This instability, when combined with the surge in existing scams, has contributed to the fragmentation and multiplication of cyber threats.
In 2023, millions of victims across the EU were attacked and exploited online daily:
- Ransomware groups are increasingly targeting small and medium-sized businesses because they have fewer cyber defences.
- E-commerce and banking institutions are the preferred targets of digital attacks.
- Users are still falling victim to phishing campaigns, business email compromise (BEC), investment fraud, and romance fraud.
- The number of cases of online sexual extortion targeting vulnerable minors is increasing.
Extortion tactics are increasingly common across the whole cybercrime threat spectrum, as stolen data are at risk of being published and auctioned, makingre-victimisation a threat. Criminals often seem to be minors and some have started to take advantage of AI, which is increasingly becoming a part of their toolbox. The use of cryptocurrencies in a broader range of criminal activities has also become more prominent.
AI-assisted cybercrime has only just begun: child sexual abuse material is a worrying threat that will require in-depth monitoring. AI-altered and fully artificial images will pose growing challenges to law enforcement investigations, not only in terms of the volume in circulation, but also to the ability of investigators to identify the true identity of victims and offenders.
The use of cryptocurrencies in various areas of criminality has become more evident. Several developments in this market are expected to have a significant impact on the abuse of cryptocurrencies by criminals in the near future. Fraudsters could abuse the increase in traded funds related to these assets.
To address the main threats highlighted in the IOCTA 2024 effectively and promptly, law enforcement requires appropriate knowledge, tools, and legislation. As criminals adapt, law enforcement and legislators should innovate to stay ahead and seek to capitalise on new and emerging technologies. This subsequently requires training to generate the specialised capabilities required to investigate intricate or technically demanding cybercrimes, such as those involving the misuse of cryptocurrencies or the dark web.
Europol addresses these digital challenges with its strategy ‘Delivering Security in Partnership’. The agency is at the forefront of innovation in law enforcement and serves as a knowledge platform, offering EU policing solutions related to encryption, cryptocurrencies, and other issues. In doing so, Europol expands the toolbox available to law enforcement officers in Europe and beyond, enhancing their technical and forensic capabilities. Europol’s European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) is the first port of call for cybercrime investigators.
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