The document is an ENISA report on the state of cybersecurity in the European Union in 2024. Collaboration with the NIS Cooperation Group and the European Commission is highlighted, providing a data-driven overview of cybersecurity at the EU, national and societal levels.

Topics such as the cyber threat landscape, maturity of cybersecurity capabilities, cyber crisis management, supply chain security, and cybersecurity awareness and skills are addressed.

It also includes policy recommendations to improve cybersecurity in the EU, such as strengthening technical and financial support, revising the EU Incident Response Plan, and addressing the cybersecurity skills shortage.

The report includes several policy recommendations to improve cybersecurity in the European Union:

1. Strengthen technical and financial support: It is recommended that further technical and financial support be given to the competent authorities and entities within the scope of the NIS2 Directive to ensure a harmonised and coherent implementation of the EU cybersecurity policy framework.

2. Review the EU Incident Response Plan: It is suggested to review the Incident Response Plan for large-scale cyber incidents, taking into account the latest developments in EU cybersecurity policies, to promote the harmonisation and optimisation of cybersecurity and to strengthen national and EU capabilities.

3. Strengthen the EU’s cyber workforce: Implement the Cybersecurity Skills Academy, establish a common EU approach to cybersecurity training, identify future skills needs and develop a European certification scheme for cybersecurity skills.

4. Address supply chain security: Conduct coordinated risk assessments at the EU level and develop a horizontal policy framework for supply chain security, focusing on both public and private sector cybersecurity challenges.

5. Promote a unified approach: Build on existing policy initiatives and harmonise national efforts to achieve a high common level of cybersecurity and cyber hygiene awareness among professionals and citizens, regardless of their demographics.

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