Artificial intelligence is radically changing the way law enforcement operates in Europe. However, its use is not without dangers, especially when algorithms perpetuate, or even worsen, discriminations and prejudices that are already present in society. To address this challenge, Europol’s Innovation Lab has published a groundbreaking guide, AI bias in law enforcement.A practical guide (February 2025), which discusses how to identify and reduce algorithmic bias in policing.

This guidance is based on the principles of the European Union’s AI Act, which establishes strict rules to ensure safe, transparent and non-discriminatory use of artificial intelligence, especially in high-risk areas such as law enforcement. According to Europol, following these principles is essential to protect fundamental rights, gain public trust and ensure that artificial intelligence is a useful and ethical tool in the service of security.

The real risks of algorithmic bias

The use of artificial intelligence in police functions, such as predictive policing, facial recognition, data analysis or operational decision making, can lead to biased decisions if the algorithms are based on incomplete or historically bias-laden data. This risk is particularly high in vulnerable or minority groups, which may be disproportionately affected by these systems.

Strategies to mitigate bias

The report proposes several practical recommendations that law enforcement agencies can adopt to minimise the risk of bias:

– Conduct independent audits of artificial intelligence systems before and during their use.

– Maintain constant human oversight and the ability to intervene in automated decisions.

– Critically analyse training data and pay special attention to possible sources of discrimination.

– Promote diversity and ethics in artificial intelligence development and implementation teams.

– Ensure transparency and that system decisions are understandable to both the operatives and the public.

– Establish continuous review protocols to assess the long-term impact of artificial intelligence.

A commitment to responsible innovation

With this document, Europol is committed to ethical and responsible artificial intelligence in the field of public safety. It is not just a matter of complying with European regulations, but of making the most of the possibilities of artificial intelligence without sacrificing fairness, proportionality and respect for human rights.

From the blog Notes de seguretat, we consider this guide an essential tool for public policy makers, security professionals and technology developers. Adopting these best practices not only reduces legal and reputational risks but also strengthens the democratic legitimacy of police institutions in an era of digital transformation.

Document reference: Europol (2025), AI bias in law enforcement. A practical guide, Europol Innovation Lab observatory report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

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